This volume presents the extended abstracts from the 2024 Summer School organized by the Ghent Analysis and PDE Center. The school focused on equipping participants with a broad spectrum of mathematical tools for addressing both direct and inverse problems across various fields. Through a combination of lectures, problem-solving sessions, and collaborative discussions, the program fostered the development of innovative methods and techniques. The lectures also include broader related topics in mathematical analysis and partial differential equations, offering a comprehensive perspective on current research directions in the field.