1: Direct manipulation interface: This chapter introduces the concept of direct manipulation interfaces, highlighting their significance in robotics and user interaction.

2: Computer mouse: Discusses the pivotal role of the computer mouse in transforming user interface design and interaction methods.

3: Graphical user interface: Explores how graphical user interfaces (GUIs) have shaped the way users interact with computers and robotics systems.

4: Pointing device: Examines the evolution and function of pointing devices, crucial for seamless navigation in robotics and digital systems.

5: 2D computer graphics: Covers the foundational role of 2D graphics in creating engaging user interfaces for robotics applications.

6: User interface: Focuses on the design and function of user interfaces in enhancing the interaction between humans and robots.

7: Icon (computing): Explores the role of icons in simplifying complex operations and improving usability in robotics systems.

8: Drag and drop: Delves into the draganddrop interaction technique and its impact on intuitive robotics and interface design.

9: WIMP (computing): Discusses the WIMP (windows, icons, menus, pointer) model and its historical influence on modern robotics user interfaces.

10: Graphical widget: Provides an overview of graphical widgets and their application in designing userfriendly robotics interfaces.

11: Graphics pipeline: Focuses on the graphics pipeline, a crucial component for rendering visuals in robotics systems.

12: Ben Shneiderman: Explores Ben Shneiderman's contributions to humancomputer interaction, particularly in direct manipulation interfaces.

13: Cursor (user interface): Analyzes the importance of cursors in user interfaces and their evolution in the context of robotics.

14: University of Maryland Human–Computer Interaction Lab: Highlights the contributions of this lab to the field of humancomputer interaction, impacting robotics interface design.

15: Object–action interface: Explores the concept of objectaction interfaces, key for intuitive robotics operations and user interaction.

16: Interaction technique: Discusses various interaction techniques used in robotics, emphasizing their role in optimizing user experience.

17: 3D user interaction: Examines the evolution and significance of 3D user interaction, particularly in advanced robotics environments.

18: Natural user interface: Delves into the natural user interface (NUI) concept, emphasizing its integration with modern robotics systems.

19: Abstract Window Toolkit: Explains the Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT) and its relevance to creating crossplatform user interfaces for robotics.

20: Pointing device gesture: Explores how gesturebased pointing devices are transforming humanrobot interaction.

21: Trackball: Discusses the role of trackballs in providing precise control within user interfaces, crucial for robotics.