Agricultural production hinges on the local environment, with factors like soil permeability and microclimate profoundly influencing yield and water usage. This book emphasizes the imperative of incorporating microparameters into assessments of agricultural water demand, highlighting the need to enhance water use efficiency for food security and sustainable water management. It delves into the intricacies of water management, encompassing distribution, planning, and technology development to optimize water resources. While irrigation plays a pivotal role, the conservation of water remains paramount. The book examines diverse issues such as monitoring information systems, paddy water management, surface and groundwater dynamics, remote sensing, waste water utilization, and land subsidence areas. By elucidating the importance of water management, especially in irrigation, it provides insights into methodologies and practices essential for modern agriculture. Aimed at all stakeholders interested in this critical topic, this book serves as an indispensable guide to navigating the complex interplay between water and agriculture, promoting sustainable practices and resource optimization.