- Scientists are discovering several potential anomalies in particle physics and cosmology that could challenge the Standard Model of particle physics and the accepted cosmological model. These include anomalies related to neutrino behavior, certain rare particle decays, and cosmological measurements.

- Some possible anomalies include experiments detecting neutrinos appearing where they shouldn't based on the Standard Model, ratios of rare particle decays not matching predictions, and direct measurements of the Hubble constant differing from values inferred from the early universe.

- Pursuing these anomalies could help reveal new fundamental forces or particles beyond what is described by current theories. For example, sterile neutrinos, new gauge bosons, or modifications to dark matter/energy.

- Key experiments involved include LHCb studying rare beauty quark decays, MiniBooNE searching for sterile neutrinos, and numerous efforts to directly measure the Hubble constant to high precision.

- Resolving tensions like the Hubble constant discrepancy could require revisions to our understanding of dark energy, inflation, or other cosmological parameters.

- Anomalies have historically led to major theoretical advances, like quantum field theory emerging from anomalies in low-energy neutrino and electron behavior. Current anomalies may similarly point to physics beyond the Standard Model.

- While some anomalies will prove erroneous, others may crack open windows to new realms of physics. Even failures advance our tools and theories. The author argues the field has entered a new experimental-led era seeking clues from nature.