This book, grounded in the fundamental properties of helium, provides a detailed exploration of its characteristics and primary uses. Additionally, it examines the global distribution of helium resources and the associated market conditions, offering a comprehensive analysis of the key stages in the natural gas-based helium extraction value chain. The discussion covers the extraction and refining of crude helium, the liquefaction of helium, its storage and transportation, as well as essential process equipment. Furthermore, it introduces typical helium extraction facilities worldwide and offers a projection of future developments in natural gas-based helium extraction technology and the broader helium industry chain.