In Luigi Pirandello's "Henry IV," the playwright explores the intricacies of identity and the nature of reality through the psychological drama of a man who, after experiencing a traumatic event, immerses himself in the role of the medieval king. Set against the backdrop of irrationality and human perception, the play merges elements of commedia dell'arte with modernist themes, offering a rich tapestry of language that oscillates between humor and pathos. The story's unique structure blurs the lines between performance and reality, challenging both characters and audience to confront the masks they wear in life. Luigi Pirandello, a Nobel Prize-winning Italian playwright, novelist, and short story writer, was deeply influenced by his own struggles with identity and societal conventions. His experiences living in an increasingly fragmented world, especially during World War I, fueled his exploration of existential themes. Completed in 1922, "Henry IV" reflects Pirandello's signature concern with the fluidity of truth and the performances that shape our lives, drawing from classical ideals while innovating within the theatrical form. This compelling play is an essential read for anyone interested in the intersections of identity, performance, and reality in literature. Pirandello's masterful blend of psychological depth and theatricality will resonate with both scholars and casual readers, inviting them to reflect on the roles they inhabit and the truths they construct.