Why does a chivalric order, born in the 11th century, still hold a seat at the table of international diplomacy today? In this concise yet intellectually rich volume, Ugo Patroni Griffi and Antonio Leandro unveil the inner workings of a true “humanitarian machine”—an institution capable of operating in more than 120 countries and of opening corridors of relief precisely where states often struggle to act. Through previously unpublished case studies—ranging from the Syrian crisis to the global pandemic, from Mediterranean migration emergencies to new patterns of humanitarian intervention—the authors provide a sharp legal and political analysis of bilateral agreements, immunities, and soft-law instruments. An essential text for anyone who wishes to understand how solidarity can be transformed into a powerful tool of soft power. Ugo Patroni Griffi is Full Professor of Commercial Law at the University of Bari Aldo Moro and barrister before the Italian Supreme Court. Author of more than 150 scholarly publications, he has served in senior leadership positions within port authorities and corporate boards. His research spans maritime law, insolvency law, and the interaction between institutions and economic development. Antonio Leandro is Full Professor of International Law at the University of Bari Aldo Moro and a member or fellow of several international scholarly societies. Consultant for international organizations, he has published extensively on public and private international law. Preface by Roberto Bellotti, Rector of the University of Bari Aldo Moro.