The book is dedicated to the topical area of biology and medicine and the role of stress proteins HSP70 in the regulation of intracellular protein homeostasis, signaling transduction and cell protection. The book is divided into chapters, which describe the discovery of HSP70 and its molecular structure, the mechanism of the synthesis and function in normal and damaged cells, examine the role of HSP70 in immunity, cancerogenesis, aging, Alzheimer's disease and cardiac surgery. In this book, the author looks at HSP70 as a factor which prevents the transformation of homeostasis mechanisms of intracellular proteins into a link in the pathogenesis of a disease.