This book explores groundbreaking advancements in science and technology aimed at creating a sustainable future. It covers key innovations in renewable energy, clean hydrogen production, next-generation energy storage, carbon capture, and resilient infrastructure. The first section examines materials for a sustainable ecosystem, viz. solar energy harvesting and storage, including methods to improve perovskite solar cells, solar thermal-based ammonia cracking, challenges in commercializing solid-state electrolyte batteries, and S-scheme heterojunctions for efficient photocatalysis. Herein, the book also proposes a novel framework integrating mobile microgrids into power distribution networks to enhance resilience in the context of RE integration. It then shifts to devices and methods for achieving low-carbon industrial processes, discussing molten catalytic systems and CO2 capture via engineered biochar. Beyond technology, the book then addresses India's renewable energy policies and the need for zero-carbon steel, exploring carbon capture solutions for the steel and cement industries, while also highlighting the necessity for energy transition modelling. With a blend of scientific insights and policy recommendations, this book serves as a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and anyone interested in driving sustainable progress.