This contributed volume overviews the latest developments in the area of nanomaterial-modified electrodes and presents their unique biosensing, pharmaceutical and environmental applications. The book provides a comprehensive introduction on the basics of electrochemical sensors while also presenting overviews of multiple modified electrodes as essential elements for the development of sensors. The principle electrochemical sensors which are transducing the chemical/biochemical reactions to electrical signals are presented, while a special focus on lab-on-chips as well as the design and applications of various flexible electrodes is given. This book is of great benefit to researchers, graduate students and professionals working in the areas of biosensing, materials science, environmental engineering and pharmaceutical analysis.