Numerical computation algorithms are methods that approximate solutions to mathematical problems that usually do not have an analytical solution or are quite complex. These algorithms include equation and system solving, numerical differentiation, numerical integration, numerical solution of differential equations, and other algorithms necessary for performing other tasks such as mathematical optimization. This book develops numerical computation algorithms and linear, quadratic, and nonlinear optimization techniques using the Optimization Toolbox, a toolbox for optimization in MATLAB. Problem-based and solver-based optimization are considered. A variety of examples and exercises fully solved with MATLAB are presented.