This book reflects on science education in the first 20 years of the 21st century in order to promote academic dialogue on science education from various standpoints, and highlights emergent new issues, such as education in science education research. It also defines new research agendas that should be “moved forward” and inform new trajectories through the rest of the century. Featuring 21 thematically grouped chapters, it includes award-winning papers and other significant papers that address the theme of the 2018 International Science Education Conference.