In his analysis, Arnold contrasts Puritanism—a branch of Protestantism known for its strict moral and social codes—with his own vision of a more balanced, inclusive approach to religion. He critiques Puritanism’s emphasis on personal salvation and literal interpretations of scripture, arguing that it leads to a restrictive and divisive form of faith. Arnold advocates for a reinterpretation of St. Paul’s teachings that emphasizes charity, compassion, and moral flexibility rather than strict adherence to doctrinal rules. He also discusses the role of the Church of England, suggesting it should adopt a more liberal and adaptable stance to maintain relevance and unity within British society.The accompanying essay, "Puritanism and the Church of England," expands on these themes by exploring the historical tensions between Puritanism and Anglicanism. Arnold argues that the Church of England should embody a more open-minded and inclusive Christian ethos, in contrast to the exclusivity he associates with Puritanism. St. Paul and Protestantism reflects Arnold's belief in a balanced and culturally integrated approach to religion, one that prioritizes moral development and human empathy over rigid doctrine, making the work a significant contribution to Victorian religious and cultural thought.