The last decades of the Ottoman Empire saw heated debates about and changes to the role of women in society. This book analyses the history of the women's movement among Ottoman Armenians. Examining debates on the role of women in the Armenian context, Armenian women's access to education, work and marriage rights, it reveals how women were empowered by nationalist discourses and the wider movement for reform in the empire, and the ways these limited or broadened women's activism. Drawing from a wide array of archival primary source material, it provides a comprehensive and comparative analysis of changes to the socio-economic, political, cultural status of Ottoman Armenian women from end of the Tanzimat period to the outbreak of World War I.