Originally published in 1951, this book discusses the cultural and social developments in Scandinavian countries from the beginning of the Dark Ages to the death of S. Ólaf. It focusses on the effects of the Viking expansion and contact with other Western nations upon the Scandinavians in their native lands. The results of the conversion to Christianity are also examined. The book studies Scandinavian civilization as a part of European civilization, rather than an isolated phenomenon.