Epistemology is concerned with the nature and scope of Indian pramana theory, i.e., that part of Indian philosophy concerned with the nature and sources of knowledge. Indian philosophers developed a casual theory of knowledge and acknowledge the existence of a number of valid ways of knowing, including perception, inference, and testimony. The Indian praman theorists thus discussed many issues that have also occupied Western epistemologists, often offering importantly different perspectives on these matters. They also sometimes addressed various interesting questions about knowledge that are unfamiliar to Western epistemologists. The selections in this volume discuss Indian treatments of epistemological topics like the means of knowledge, realism and anti-realism, truth, knowledge of knowledge, illusion and perceptual error, knowledge ability, testimony, scepticism and doubt.