In 1890, a group of Italian immigrants and Italian Americans were accused of gunning down New Orleans police chief David Hennessy, who had come between two rival waterfront gangs. Nineteen men were indicted; nine stood trial. After six of the nine accused were acquitted and the remaining three awarded mistrials, a vigilante mob of 8,000 people fought their way into the Parish Prison and killed eleven of the defendants. The incident drew anti- American ire from across the world, and even brought the U.S. to the brink of war with Italy until formal reparations were made. Tom Smith presents an in-depth and nuanced account of the episode that was the greatest mass lynching in our nation's history, and which popularized the term Mafia in the American lexicon.