The book provides a comprehensive understanding of the principles for operating lithium-ion supercapacitors (LISCs), their challenges, technological trends and perspectives. This LISC technology has high potential to replace conventional main rechargeable batteries such as lead-acid and nickel metal hydride batteries for automotive, portable electronics, and stationary applications. The book offers detailed analysis of LISCs at the material, component, and system levels to evaluate the different approaches to their integration. It also discusses economics, market, manufacture, and commercialization status of LISCs. It is an up-to-date study into an emerging field, written by experts, ideal for those in academia and industry who want a detailed explanation of the technology.